Literature Review

Few writers have chronicled the age of climate crisis as closely as Bill McKibben over the past 35 years, and even fewer have done so while also kickstarting multiple environmental groups and advocacy campaigns for climate action. He has kept the pulse of the crisis, and the movement to address it, since first covering the climate debate—as it was then—for the New York Review of Books in 1988.

This study investigates the role of marginalized women of the Jogi and Bagri communities in environmental activism. Amid environmental challenges, this study tries to comprehend the contributions and effects of marginalized women belonging to the Jogi and Bagri communities that are frequently overlooked in dominant environmental discourses in Sindh. The study tries to understand the narratives and opinions of marginalized women from the Jogi and Bagri communities by comprehending environmental action through qualitative research methodologies that include in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation. This research venture is an interdisciplinary work. The work focuses on political science, environmental sociology, and community development fields of studies. The study aims to highlight the issue of environmental injustices and relevant aspects that inspire underprivileged women of backward communities to engage in environmental activism. The findings of this research venture provide a comprehensive analysis of contemporary information regarding the environmental activism led by women of the downtrodden class in the district of Khairpur, Sindh. The paper concludes that women from marginalized communities, such as the Jogi and Bagri communities in district Khairpur, Sindh, are involved in the promotion of sustainable and just environmental policies.

Climate change is widely recognized as the global concern of our time, with far-reaching implications on the environment, physical well-being, and mental health of all living species. This concept paper investigates how environmental involvement may provide people a sense of purpose, empowerment, and community; thus promoting psychological resilience. It emphasizes on establishing ways to boost resilience and adaptive capacity in the face of the psychological challenges provided by climate change. The findings of this study can help in shaping the development of interventions and strategies, thus contributing to the emerging field of research on climate change and mental health.

This paper analyzes the differences between mutual funds that declare ESG commitment and those that do not. Additionally, we explore their behavior in terms of voting on resolutions related to climate change and the environment. Our analysis reveals that activist funds generally exhibit a behavior that is consistent with their sustainable focus and have a lower proportion of greenwashers, contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions. Importantly, this sustainability orientation does not negatively impact their financial performance, as they attract significant flows and do not show worse performance compared to their traditional counterparts.

Guided by the three-domain framework of sustainable development, sustainability is an essential idea behind the effective public administration, policy-formulation and governance. The ecological domain occurs at an intersection between the social and biological ambits of biosphere and emphases on the vital aspect of human engagement with and within nature.This paper probes into the multidimensional thought of ecological sustainability, covering its concept, principles, as well as the diverse domains linked with realizing it. The objective of this work is to explore how the initiatives of government and non-governmental organizations in Himachal Pradesh represent a step toward a sustainable era. The sustainable initiatives of government and non-government bodies and accomplishments made by them have been exemplified in this paper with respect to land resource management, management of disasters, mineral resources, water resources, biodiversity and wildlife management, farming and allied sectors, environmental pollution, solid waste management and energy sector.The study involved collection of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire administered on the respondents by personally visiting the important institutions involved in environmental management. The secondary data was obtained from relevant published or unpublished literature. The data was edited, categorized, tabulated and analysed for making recommendations. In conclusion, this paper encapsulates the key points and accentuates the need for ecological sustainability in a wider sense.

Environmental activism plays a pivotal role in fostering community engagement and driving sustainable change. This scholarly article presents a case study that explores the impact of environmental activism on community engagement, examining a specific grassroots movement. By analyzing the strategies, outcomes, and societal implications of the environmental campaign, this paper aims to offer insights into the dynamics and effectiveness of community-led initiatives in promoting environmental awareness and action.

This article examines the intersection of environmental activism and community engagement through a case study of the "Save Our Mangroves" campaign in Mumbai, India. It explores how local communities and environmental activists collaborated to protect the city's vital mangrove ecosystems from the threat of urban development projects. Analyzing the campaign's strategies, successes, and limitations, the article highlights the crucial role of community involvement in amplifying environmental voices and achieving local-level conservation outcomes. By drawing upon theoretical frameworks and empirical data, this study sheds light on the dynamics of environmental activism within marginalized communities, ultimately arguing for a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between activism, advocacy, and social justice in environmental struggles.

Since the economic reforms of 1978, local governments have pursued their economic development projects with little or no regard for environmental protection. The central government has struggled to enforce environmental laws at the local level. The severity of the environmental pollution problems has caused the Chinese leadership concern about the political costs, which threaten social stability, in addition to the economic costs. In the 1990s, with mounting environmental problems, the Chinese state began encouraging citizens to help complement the state’s efforts in environmental protection in the form of non-governmental organising for environmental activism. Over ten years, beginning in 1994, Chinese environmental NGOs, which tend to be led by social elites, proliferated and led China’s environmental and conservation movements. These NGOs leveraged the central government’s authority to pressure local governments and thus enjoyed state patronage. In the twenty-first century, environmental activism has diversified and sometimes become politically controversial and contentious as it challenges state policies. New environmental topics, including hydropower dams and chemical factories, have attracted national and international attention and generated public debate. The availability of communicative technology, such as the internet and mobile phones, has made it possible for Chinese environmental NGOs to collaborate with other civil society actors, domestically and transnationally, and for a large number of Chinese citizens to instantaneously engage in mass protests against incinerators and chemical plants. Since the 2010s, environmental activism has also taken place in court in the form of Environmental Public Interest Litigation (EPIL). Legal professions, including lawyers, judges, and prosecutors, have become new enforcers of environmental laws. The activism of environmental NGOs in this new arena lies in filing lawsuits as plaintiffs, initiating EPILs on behalf of the public. Since the mid-1990s, China’s environmental and conservation movements have provided its citizens with a relatively safe venue for engaging in activism within China’s political contexts. Yet, the diversification of NGO-led environmental activism as well as citizen-led environmental mass mobilisation have raised the party-state’s concerns. These concerns have resulted in major state repressions against civil society in the Xi Jinping era.

In times of growing concerns about climate change, environmental activism is increasing. Whereas several studies have examined associations between environmental activism and the Big Five personality characteristics, the potential “dark side” of environmental activists' personality has been neglected. Accordingly, this study examined associations between environmental activism, the dark triadtraits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism) and left-wing authoritarianism (i.e., antihierarchical aggression, anticonventionalism, top-down censorship). Data came from 839 employed individuals in Germany. Results showed positive associations between environmental activism and Machiavellianism, narcissism, antihierarchical aggression, and anticonventionalism. Most of these associations remained significant after controlling for Big Five characteristics, demographic characteristics, political orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism. These findings suggest that environmental activism, in addition to its potential positive outcomes, may also have a dark side in terms of activists' personality.

The idea of environmental racism has been gradually gaining visibility in the Brazilian environmental agenda after its emergence in the United States. It is present in academic narratives and environmental activism, generally associated with the concept of environmental injustice and based on political ecology, which has been occupying a prominent position in Latin America. We propose to discuss this concept without pretending to be exhaustive, considering its origin, trajectory, uses, controversies, and limits. We make a parallel between the U.S. and Latin America, underlining some common elements but also the differences in terms of posture, especially in the face of colonialism and capitalism. Then our attention is drawn to the Brazilian case, analyzing some peculiarities of the justice-injustice-environmental racism interface. Finally, we underscore the alternative horizons opened by this issue, based on local life models, ontologies, and cosmologies that increasingly find a prominent place on the environmental agenda, notably discussing the issue of human rights, the rights of nature and territories. In this article, the central ideas presented are guided by a critical and decolonial-inspired analysis of environmental issues.

This article examines the political aspects of environmental activism in Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize that environmental problems are becoming increasingly relevant for Kazakh society, especially if political factors contribute to the development of the environmental movement. The article analyzes the relationship between environmental activism and the possibility of dialogue between civil society institutions and state structures in Kazakhstan and also gives examples of the participation of environmental activists from the government and civil society in the implementation of environmental protection projects. The authors also discuss the role of civil society and international organizations in the struggle for environmental protection in Kazakhstan. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that environmental issues should be included in the political dialogue in Kazakhstan to ensure the sustainability and conservation of natural resources for the benefit of future generations of the country.

Scientists are increasingly joining environmental movements. As knowledge producers and influential figures in society, scientists are uniquely positioned to drive change. The present study explored how “scientist identity” shapes engagement in environmental activism. Participants were 329 scientists from 41 countries. Scientist identity content, specifically perception of the science-activism relationship, was a more significant predictor than mere strength of identification as a “scientist”. Perceiving a harmonious relationship between science and activism, endorsing environmental stewardship as a scientist’s duty, and believing objectivity and impartiality remained uncompromised by activism, each had significant correlations with engagement. These components formed a composite variable, which remained a strong predictor of engagement even when accounting for the influence of activist identity. Scientists embracing this scientist-activist compatibilism were also less inclined to view new technologies as a panacea for the climate crisis. This research underscores the vital role of scientist identity content in shaping climate actions and perspectives.