Literature Review

This article analyzes the results of a hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study that was conducted to investigate the association between exposure through various pesticide residues detected in the plasma and serum 8-OHdG levels among farmers and non-farmers diagnosed with leukaemia, lymphoma and breast cancers and compare the same with healthy controls with no cancer and no exposure.

The overall study aim was to characterize occupational exposure to smoke for several groups of workers responding to fires, with specific aims to determine the correlations between exposure markers and to biologically assess their systemic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urine. The urinary levels of PAH metabolites were generally higher in firefighters and observers compared to post-fire workers. For workers residing unprotected around fire scenes, there can be high peak exposures depending on their behavior concerning the smoke plume.

The third Canadian Arctic Human Health Assessment conducted under the Canadian Northern Contaminants Program (NCP), in association with the circumpolar Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), addresses concerns about possible adverse health effects in individuals exposed to environmental contaminants through a diet containing country foods. This article provides data on contaminant concentrations, identifies new contaminants of concern, discusses possible health effects, and outlines how to have conversations about the risk.

This article provides dietary data to help those living in Artic make informed choices concerning the food they eat. This study confirms that Arctic populations relying on marine food (Inuit) have an exposure level of POPs and methyl mercury at a level where health effects cannot be excluded. The Artic monitoring and assessment programme (AMAP) weighed the benefits of traditional food against the risk, and have so far recommended that consumption of traditional food continues. However, the importance of recognizing long-term exposure risks cannot be overstated.

This article assess human exposure to pesticides through epidemiological and laboratory data of residents of the Santo Antônio quilombola community in Concórdia do Pará, Amazon region, Brazil. In 2008, Brazil became the country with the highest pesticide use in the world, and the impacts of these products on public health are wide-ranging. The results of the study indicate significant public health implications and the authors urge action to be taken, including moving away from palm oil activity in the area and expanding health policies.

This review provides an overview of current trends in mass spectrometry-based approaches for human biomonitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including sample collection and preparation, and instrumental techniques. The authors also explore analytical strategies to overcome challenges in obtaining PFAS-free blank matrices and address the risk of background contamination.

This article attempts to identify determinants of unregulated contaminant detection among US public water systems (PWSs) and evaluate disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Unregulated contaminants in drinking water, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), can contribute to cumulative health risks, particularly in overburdened and less-advantaged communities. The authors conclude that inequities in exposures to drinking water contaminants were underestimated because prior studies focused on regulated contaminants.

This article provides the results of a study aimed at determining the level of 1,2-DCE in urine, as well as its effects on blood biochemicals, among overall 200 outdoor workers in Thailand. Four occupations were accounted for, with 50 workers each: fishers, street vendors, public bus drivers, and traffic police. Data was collected in the form of interviews, urine, and blood samples. The authors assert that the urinary levels recorded be used as a baseline value for monitoring exposure among outdoor workers in areas with intense air pollution.