Literature Review

The commitment of One Health appears at first glance to be an inclusive, intersectional approach to achieving overall wellbeing for all living beings. And yet, as reflected in the call for submissions for this special edition on the dilemma of animal-source food within One Health, it rarely includes, much less centers, animal species (other than humans) in the discussion surrounding our use of their lives, milks, eggs, babies, or bodies. In this article, we are responding to the call of authors who suggest a Just One Health approach can rhetorically infuse more humility and interconnectedness in positioning humans in and among other animals who also want to live freely in safe, healthy habitats. A multi-species justice ethic (blending human and animal rights into the broader rights of ecosystems) should be incorporated as part of Just One Health’s decision-making criteria.

In this study, present situation, the changes and problems in the last 30 years in sheep and goat breeding in Muş province and future developments were discussed. In Muş, 52.5% of the population lives in rural areas and most of them earn their lives by animal production. The province has high potential for sheep and goat breeding, and it ranks 15th in Turkey in terms of sheep and goat asset. The ratio of meadows and pasture to the total area (49.7%) is considerable above the Turkey average (18.8%). In most of the enterprises, animal breeding has been carried out with native sheep and goat breeds by pasture feeding. It was calculated that the meadow-pasture areas could meet 40.1% of the maintenance requirements of the animal in the province. Muş province has an important forage production potential and ranks 4th in alfalfa production in Turkey. However, while the stock of sheep and goats in the province was 1,642,020 in 1990, it decreased by 23.9% in 2021 to 1,250,000. The decline in the asset of sheep was 27.2%. In Muş, as in all of Turkey, a significant part of the barns are inadequate in terms of animal welfare. The most important problem regarding the pasture areas is that the mistakes in grazing managements. In order to ensure sustainability in sheep and goat breeding, incentives should be provided to prevent migration from rural areas, decrease in population and workforce, and efforts should be made to reduce input costs and increase the added-value of the products obtained. On the other hand, it was thought that the transition to organic animal breeding and the organization in this regard would create an opportunity to survive of small family-owned businesses.

Trophy hunting is one of the most contentious issues in recent biodiversity conservation discourse, eliciting opposition and support for the practice. Ethical concerns are often at the heart of the debate. To investigate moral views about trophy hunting, we conducted an online survey of randomly selected scholars worldwide who had published on biodiversity conservation (n = 2315). Scholars expressed divergent views on the moral acceptability of trophy hunting as a conservation practice. Moral convictions were significantly related to the perspectives of scholars. The most important factor in predicting the moral views of the respondents was the consequences of trophy hunting for local human communities. The results also indicated that utilitarian (versus deontological) decision-making in conservation, ecological consequences of trophy hunting and animal welfare issues contribute to the divergent views. The findings emphasize the need for interdisciplinary work on ethical issues concerning animal rights and welfare in conservation, as well as providing robust and comprehensive evidence on the consequences of trophy hunting for local communities. We caution that polarization among conservation scholars may negatively affect conservation efforts. Based on the literature and our findings, we provide some recommendations to narrow the gap and consider different management options.

This paper explores the vital role of social media platforms like Facebook in enabling civic engagement and environmental activism, through a case study of the local movement against Vedanta’s Sterlite Copper plant in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. Specifically, it analyses Facebook posts during peak months of protests from February to May 2018, culminating in tragic violence but ultimately resulted in plant closure. The study conducts discourse analysis on Facebook posts from the "Ban Sterlite. Save Thoothukudi” and “Thoothukudi People” pages which were key coordinating platforms for anti-Sterlite protesters with over 22,000 and 138,000 followers respectively. Historian Ramachandra Guha (2000) highlighted the importance of media participation for realizing environmental movements’ democratic potential. This paper upholds his argument, demonstrating how through enabling marginalized voices, social media facilitated the anti-Sterlite movement. By studying the nuanced role social media played in a contentious environmental movement, this paper highlights implications for leveraging digital platforms strategically to advance social change causes. Critically, this study is important because it provides an in-depth examination of how public and marginalized communities use social media for activism amidst structural oppression and state-sanctioned violence. As digital media permeates more aspects of civic and political life globally, understanding its dynamics is key to promoting sustainable environmental and social movements.

Currently, the rights of animals and their protection arise from an ethical and legal approach. In recent years, civil society and animal protection groups have positioned themselves in favor of granting rights to animals, advocating for legislation to introduce legal protection for these beings and punishment for their abusers into the laws; although there are also those who maintain that granting rights to animals is an excess. In this article, a review of the state of the issue of the demand for animal rights is made, starting from a brief synthesis of the long-sought achievement by humanity of its own rights. It also reviews the position of renowned philosophers on animals. It also exposes the legal approach to animal protection.

Amidst escalating global environmental crises, understanding the psychological factors

The decay of rivers coupled with its escalated pollution is a concern worldwide. The present study intends to assess the agony of the riverine people due to the contamination of the Churni River and the transformation of their grievance into environmental activism at individual and community levels for rejuvenating the river and for a secured livelihood. The study observed an enriched concentration of biological oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate and a reduced concentration of dissolved oxygen during 2011–2020 due to the release of untreated industrial wastewater, sewage from urban areas, and agricultural runoff into the river. A systematic investigation reveals pollution-induced socio-psychological trauma and community awareness leading to the active involvement of the people in the environmental awareness movement, which was mediated by self-efficacy, self-responsibility, self-identity, and community value. A parallel multiple mediator model was employed, which included 29 parameters for exploring the key-mediated factors for the environmental movement. The model-based results identified that self-responsibility and community-value for upper stretch villages and self-efficacy and community-value for the lower stretch villages are significant mediators of environmental activism. A canonical component analysis predicted socio-demographic factors (e.g. age, dependency ratio female-male ratio, etc.) as intrinsically linked to environmental activism. This study is significant because it reveals how pollution and river degradation affect riverine people. It also clarifies how local grievances turned into environmental activism as a result of the documented socio-psychological trauma and growing community awareness. This study would thus play a pivotal role in understanding the human-nature complex to better planning and river restoration.

This paper analyzes a case of environmental activism after one of the largest oil spills in Peruvian Amazonia, the 2014 Cuninico oil spill. A relatively more independent judiciary, environmental legislation, and weak though autonomous regulatory agencies led to a shift in institutional opportunity structure over the previous 20 years. The embryonic environmental state produced evidence of environmental harm and sanctioned state-owned oil enterprise Petroperú. However, that was not enough to produce timely measures to protect the affected communities. Indigenous peoples affected by the spill worked with human rights lawyers and civil society coalitions to bring the company to court. Almost a decade of high court activism has meant a burdensome process of ‘lawfare’ with important legal triumphs for plaintiffs. In 2020, a historic ruling mandated financial compensation for affected communities. Despite these triumphs, the long wait for the restitution of justice hints at an uncertain future.

The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions: - What are the consequences of blockage, vandalism, and harassment activities for the cause of climate change mitigation? - What kind of environmental activism leads to the escalation of violence? - Which pathways (e.g., survival threats) do the activism lead to violence escalation? The findings from this study are expected to provide insights into the effectiveness and appropriateness of strategies to raise public awareness and support and contribute to the societal transitions to address climate change.

This article examines the interplay between local activism and external and elite actors in response to ReconAfrica's oil and gas exploration activities in Namibia's Kavango and Botswana's Okavango Delta regions. The research demonstrates local communities’ challenges with confronting environmental degradation, unfulfilled promises, and legal transgressions while striving to protect their ancestral lands and rights. The study, grounded in Southern green criminology, highlights the power imbalances between Northern corporations and Southern territories, underscoring the exploitation and marginalisation of Indigenous Peoples and local communities. It advocates for genuine collaboration and prioritising local perspectives in environmental activism, calling for a shift in power dynamics to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes. This cooperative model integrates local knowledge systems, amplifies Indigenous voices, and aligns environmental campaigns with broader social justice concerns. The traditional externally driven approaches are challenged, while ethical and inclusive environmental activism is also promoted.

Environmental activism is crucial for raising public awareness and support toward addressing the climate crisis. However, using climate change mitigation as the cause for blockade, vandalism, and harassment activities might be counterproductive and risk causing negative repercussions and declining public support. The paper describes a dataset of metadata of 89 blockade, vandalism, and harassment events happening 13 countries in recent years. The dataset comprises three main categories: 1) Events, 2) Activists, and 3) Consequences. For researchers interested in environmental activism, climate change, and sustainability, the dataset is helpful in studying the effectiveness and appropriateness of strategies to raise public awareness and support. For researchers in the field of security studies and green criminology, the dataset offers resources to study features and impacts of blockade, vandalism, and harassment events. The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was employed to validate the dataset. Consequently, the estimated result aligns with the Mindsponge Theory's theoretical reasoning.